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Widows & orphans

lua-widow-controlnowidow

No lone paragraph line at the top or bottom of a page. LuaLaTeX: lua-widow-control lengthens or shortens the paragraph by one line instead of leaving an empty line; pdfLaTeX: nowidow.

% Avoid orphans and widows (a single line of a paragraph left at the bottom or top
% of a page).
\ifdefined\directlua
  % LuaLaTeX: lua-widow-control removes them by lengthening or shortening a paragraph
  % by one line, instead of leaving an empty line at the bottom of the page.
  \usepackage{lua-widow-control}
\else
  % pdfLaTeX: nowidow sets \clubpenalty and \widowpenalty; using a package feels less
  % hacky than tuning them manually.
  \usepackage[all,defaultlines=3]{nowidow}
\fi

% Avoid a widow line being split off a displayed equation.
\displaywidowpenalty=10000